3 Ways to Consolidate Student Loans - wikiHow

Method 1 of 3: Making the Decision to Consolidate Your Student Loans

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    Get a clear picture of your overall debt. Student loans can be confusing (you might have any combination of Stafford, Perkins, PLUS, and other federal loans, and you might also have private loans), and many borrowers dont have an accurate sense of what they owe and to whom they owe it. Check your records, and make sure you have a complete list of all your loans, who services them, and what your current monthly payments are whether you have actually been making those payments or not.
    • If you are unsure about your federal loans, visit the National Student Loan Data System at https://www.nslds.ed.gov/npas/index.htm. This site will allow you to see all of your federal financial aid records.
    • If you are unsure about your private loans, follow up with the appropriate lender or lenders. They will provide documentation about what you owe and what the terms and conditions of your loans are.

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    Assess your current situation. Once you have accurate, complete records, ask yourself whether you need to consider consolidation. Are you currently making your payments on time? Can you afford those payments? Are any of your payments delinquent? Are any of your federal loans in default status (meaning that you have not paid for 270 days)? If any of the following situations apply, you may be a good candidate for consolidation:
    • Your federal loans are in default. Consolidation will move them out of default status and minimize the effect on your credit rating.
    • Your private loans are delinquent, and you are unable to get caught up. Consolidation will help you get the debt under control and minimize the long-term damage to your credit.
    • You are making payments that you cannot afford, and you are worried that you will wind up delinquent or in default. Consolidation may help you get a lower monthly payment so that you can keep your loans current.
    • You are making multiple monthly payments on different loans and want to simplify the process. Consolidation will allow you to make just one payment, if your loans are either all federal or all private. If you have both, youll have two payments, as you cant consolidate them together.
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    Understand the potential disadvantages of consolidation. Consolidation does have a downside. Lower monthly payments mean that youll likely wind up making those payments for more years, and youll pay more in total. In addition:
    • For private loans, a fee of up to 18.5% of your loan balance may be added to your principal.
    • Your interest rate may increase. Federal interest rates are capped at 8.25%, but thats still quite high, especially when you consider that you may be paying for decades. Private lenders rates vary, but in general, consolidating your loans may entail a rate increase.
    • You may lose benefits associated with specific loans. Consolidating eliminates your previously existing loans completely and merges them together under a new loan with different terms and conditions. Certain benefits, including principal rebates or interest rate discounts, will not carry over.[1]
    • You wont be able to unconsolidate your loan. Once youve completed the consolidation process, you cant go back to your previous situation. You could find yourself stuck with less-than-ideal terms and conditions.
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    Decide who to contact. For federal student loans, theres no question you are better off consolidating with the Department of Education, where interest rates are capped and you keep your access to programs like deferment, forbearance, and forgiveness. For private loans, youll have to shop around, comparing servicers like Chase, NextStudent, Student Loan Network, and Wells Fargo, which are highly rated by Forbes.[2]
    • As you compare consolidation loans with various private companies, pay particular attention to the interest rate this will make a huge difference in how much you wind up paying overall.

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Method 2 of 3: Consolidating Your Federal Student Loans

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    Continue making your payments. Its important that you continue making your existing payments as you complete the consolidation process. Until youve been informed that your loans have been paid off and your consolidation loan has taken effect, you are legally required to make those payments.

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    Determine whether your loans qualify for consolidation. Most federal student loans do qualify, but its important to make sure that all of your individual loans will be included. The following loans qualify:
    • Direct Subsidized Stafford Loans
    • Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans
    • Direct PLUS Loans
    • PLUS loans from the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program
    • Supplemental Loans for Students
    • Federal Perkins Loans
    • Federal Nursing Loans
    • Health Education Assistance Loans
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    Apply online. Go to https://studentloans.gov/myDirectLoan/index.action. The application process is simple, since the Department of Education will already have all of your personal information and records of all your federal loans.
    • Again, you should avoid consolidating your federal loans through private lenders. If you do not stay with the Department of Education, youll lose access to many resources and benefits, and you will probably pay more.
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    Read your summary sheet carefully. Once youve completed the application process, the Department of Education will provide you with a summary sheet, which lists all of the loans you are consolidating. Review this document carefully.
    • If everything looks correct, you dont need to do anything. After fifteen days, the Department of Education will process your loan.
    • If anything looks amiss if the numbers are off, or if any of your federal loans arent included contact the Department of Education within fifteen days of the date on the summary sheet.
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    Make arrangements for repayment. Once your consolidation loan is approved, you must choose a repayment plan. If any of your loans were in default, youll choose one of the three income-based options either IBR, Pay-As-You-Earn, or ICR. If none of your loans were in default, you can choose any of these six plans:[3]
    • Standard Repayment. Youll make regular payments that are calculated so that your loan will be paid off within ten years. Many people who consolidate find that they cannot afford the standard plan, but if you can, its the most cost-effective option.
    • Graduated Repayment. Youll make payments that start out low and increase every two years, so that you pay the entire balance in ten years. If you dont make much money but expect your income to increase regularly with time, this is a solid, cost-effective option.
    • Extended Repayment Plan. Youll make lower payments, but youll continue making them for 25 years. This option is only available if your loan amounts to more than $30,000.
    • Income-Based Repayment (IBR). Youll make payments for twenty-five years, and after that, any remaining debt will be forgiven. Your payments will not exceed 15% of your discretionary income.
    • Pay-As-You-Earn Repayment. Youll make payments for twenty years, and after that, any remaining debt will be forgiven. As with IBR, your payments will not exceed 15% of your discretionary income.
    • Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR). Youll make payments for twenty-five years, and after that, any remaining debt will be forgiven. Your payments will not exceed 20% of your discretionary income.
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    Make your payments as required. Now that your federal loans have been consolidated, its important not to neglect your payments. If you go into default, your credit rating will suffer, and youll lose your access to further federal student aid in short, youll reverse the positive effects of your consolidation.

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Method 3 of 3: Consolidating Your Private Loans

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    Continue paying your current lenders. Its important that you continue making your existing payments as you complete the consolidation process. Until youve been informed that your loans have been paid off and your consolidation loan has taken effect, you are legally required to make those payments.

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    Contact your preferred lender. If youve done your research and compared terms and interest rates from various companies, you should have a sense of which lender you would like to use. Call or email that lender to get the process started.
    • This is a good time to ask any questions you may have about the terms and conditions associated with a consolidation loan. Keep in mind, though, that you can only trust information thats given to you in writing dont assume that lenders have your best interests at heart.
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    Apply for the consolidation loan. Most companies will allow you to apply either in person or online. Either way, youll need to have the following information handy:
    • Your current address
    • Your Social Security number
    • The names, addresses, and phone numbers of at least two personal references
    • Proof of your monthly income
    • Information about your monthly expenses
    • The estimated amounts of all your loans to be consolidated. You may be asked for a pay-off amount for each loan. Contact your servicers to determine this amount.
    • All relevant loan account numbers
    • The names and addresses of your loan servicers. This information should be on your monthly statements.
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    Repeat the process if necessary. If your company of choice turns you down, you may have to try again with another company.
    • If you have poor credit, or if your income suggests that you will struggle to make your payments, you may have difficulty getting a consolidation loan with relatively favorable terms. If you are sure that consolidation is the best route for you, you may, unfortunately, have to apply for a loan with a company that offers you less favorable terms, including a higher interest rate.
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    Read the fine print. Once your application for a consolidation loan is accepted, read all the terms and conditions carefully before signing. Its crucial to understand how much youll pay each month, how much youll pay over time, and what the other conditions associated with your loan might be.

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    Make your payments faithfully. Dont neglect your payments once your private loans have been consolidated. Delinquencies will have a negative impact on your credit, and youll probably have to pay additional fees as well.

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